Reference
Glossary
Terms are romanized as in the sources. Japanese characters are shown only where a source documents them — principally the organization’s own certificates and graphics — and have not yet been reviewed by a native speaker.
Offices and people
- dōshin同心
- Low-grade samurai who performed the actual patrol duties, organized in three patrols. An EMKTJ grade.Source A24Source A25
- goyōkiki
- Part-time police assistants who often earned their living as craftsmen or labourers. Like other assistants, they carried a jutte as a symbol of authority.Source A24
- jisha-bugyō
- Magistrate with jurisdiction over temples, shrines and religious affairs.Source A24
- komono小者
- Full-time non-samurai assistants who accompanied a dōshin on patrol. An EMKTJ grade.Source A24Source A25
- machi-bugyō町奉行
- Town magistrate. Edo’s police system was headed by two machi-bugyō, each serving as town magistrate, judge and police chief. Also the highest EMKTJ grade.Source A24Source A25
- okappiki岡引
- Unofficial assistants privately employed by dōshin, usually former criminals drafted as informants. Discouraged by the authorities but, according to Cunningham, a practical necessity. The entry EMKTJ grade.Source A24Source A25Source D3
- ōmetsuke and metsuke
- Members of the samurai class were policed not by the machi-bugyō but by investigators (ōmetsuke) and the shogunate’s intelligence arm (metsuke).Source A24
- sanmawari
- “The three patrols” of dōshin: two patrolled openly (jomawari and rinjimawari, as Cunningham spells them), the third (onmitsumawari) investigated in disguise.Source A24
- yoriki与力
- Assistant magistrates who handled day-to-day affairs and general police duties; samurai, but shunned by many peers because of their connection with executions. An EMKTJ grade.Source A24Source A25Source D3
Implements
- jutte十手
- Iron truncheon. It could parry a sword and help disarm a suspect without serious injury, and in time became a badge of office carried by all levels of police.Source A18Source A17
- shikomi-sensu
- A dagger hidden in a mounting made to appear as a closed fan — described by Cunningham as a favourite weapon of assassins, gamblers and other criminals.Source A27
- tessen
- Iron fan.Source A7
- torimono sandōgu
- “Three tools of arresting”: long pole arms — sodegarami, sasumata and tsukubō — used to hold a suspect at a safe distance.Source B1
- torinawa
- Arresting rope. Cunningham’s collection includes an Edo-period hand-woven hemp torinawa once wrapped around the handle of a solid tessen.Source A7Source A27
- tsukubō
- Push pole; a T-shaped pole arm.Source B1
Arts and practices
- Bugei Ju-Happan
- The eighteen branches into which Japanese martial arts were eventually classified; the list includes toritejutsu (restraining) and jutte-jutsu (truncheon).Source A10
- hojō-jutsu
- Cord binding. Prisoners were tied in styles that reflected their social class.Source A10Source B1
- keisatsu-jutsu
- Cunningham’s term for the martial arts used by the feudal police and their assistants, drawn from classical kenjutsu and jujutsu but aimed at capturing lawbreakers alive and without injury.Source A24
- taiho jutsu
- Arresting arts: techniques and implements for capturing and restraining suspects.Source A15
The organization
- Edo Machi-kata Taiho Jutsu江戸町形逮捕術
- The name of the organization founded by Dr. Don Cunningham. The kanji are taken from the organization’s own certificates and header artwork.Source D3Source A40
- Hyōjōshō
- In EMKTJ, senior instructors of individual dōjō with administrative responsibilities.Source A21
- menjō免状
- Licence. Printed beside the rank kanji on EMKTJ certificates.Source D3
- Rōju
- Senior council. In EMKTJ, made up of the regional representatives, who held the grade of Machi-bugyō.Source A21
- Waka-doshiyori
- Junior council of senior members appointed by regional representatives.Source A21
Sources for this page
- B1M. Street, review of Taiho-Jutsu, The Asian Reporter. asianreporter.com · 2004 · Independent source
- D3Blank EMKTJ rank certificates (Okappiki, Komono, Dōshin, Yoriki). owner files, Taiho Jutsu Cert/ · created 2009-08-12 · Owner-supplied file
- A7Book page, Taiho-Jutsu: Law and Order in the Age of the Samurai. e-budokai.com/books/taiho.htm · updated 2010-10-19 (capture 2013-05-21) · Original organizational material
- A10Edo Machi-kata Taiho Jutsu, “Arresting Arts”. e-budokai.com/curriculum/index.htm · updated 2010-09-09 (capture 2013-10-01) · Original organizational material
- A15Edo Machi-kata Taiho Jutsu, “Introduction”. e-budokai.com/index.htm · 2013 (Wayback capture 2013-10-02) · Original organizational material
- A17Cunningham collection, “Jutte (2)”. e-budokai.com/weapons/jutte2.htm · © 2009 (capture 2013-08-06) · Original organizational material
- A18D. Cunningham, “Jutte”. e-budokai.com/hibuki/jutte.htm · capture 2009-01-08 · Original organizational material
- A21Edo Machi-kata Taiho Jutsu, “Organization”. e-budokai.com/members/organization.htm · 2009–2013 (capture 2013-10-01) · Original organizational material
- A24D. Cunningham, “Samurai police”. e-budokai.com/hibuki/police.htm · © 2002 Budo Kai, Ltd; updated 2005-03-18 (capture 2009-01-10) · Original organizational material
- A25Edo Machi-kata Taiho Jutsu, “Ranking System”. e-budokai.com/ranks/index.htm · 2009–2013 (capture 2013-10-01) · Original organizational material
- A27Cunningham collection, “Tessen”. e-budokai.com/weapons/tessen.htm · © 2009 (capture 2013-07-02) · Original organizational material
- A40taiho-jutsu.net, “Introduction” with memorial notice. taiho-jutsu.net/index.html · © 2013 (capture 2017-09-25) · Original organizational material